Ngaphandle uma uyibhulogi evamile yokunakekela izingane noma umfundi wesihloko, ngokuqinisekile awuwazi umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamapaki okuzijabulisa emhlabeni.
Ngamanye amazwi, kufanele usekele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinjengokunciphisa isakhiwo semishini, ukubeka amakhushini okugoqa, kanye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba izingane ziwe ezindaweni eziphakeme epaki lokuzijabulisa lamanje.Nokho, abanye abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi ipaki elinjalo lokuzijabulisa lizokwenza abantwana bazizwe benesithukuthezi.
Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nezokuphepha kanye nomthelela wako zibonakala zinokubaluleka okuthile ukuze zihambisane nezikhathi, kodwa empeleni, azikho izimpikiswano ezintsha.Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindaba sekunezinkulumo-mpikiswano okungenani iminyaka eyikhulu, ake sibheke umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwepaki lezokuzijabulisa ngalezi zinkinga.
1859: Ipaki Yokuzijabulisa Epaki eManchester, eNgilandi
Umqondo wokuvumela izingane ukuthi zithuthukise amakhono azo omphakathi nokucabanga ngezinkundla zokudlala wavela enkundleni yokudlala exhunywe ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme zaseJalimane.Nokho, eqinisweni, inkundla yokudlala yokuqala eyanikeza umphakathi indawo yokungena mahhala futhi yayisepaki eManchester, eNgilandi ngo-1859. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, inkundla yokudlala yabhekwa njengendawo yomphakathi eyisisekelo futhi yaqala ukwakhiwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni. .
Ngo-1887: Ipaki yokuqala yokuzijabulisa e-United States - Ipaki Yokuzijabulisa yaseGolden Gate Park eSan Francisco.
Ngaleso sikhathi, lesi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuphayona e-United States.Amapaki okuzijabulisa ahlanganisa oshwibi, amaslayidi, ngisho nezinqola zezimbuzi (ezifana nezinqola zezinkabi; izinqola ezidonswa izimbuzi).Ethandwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu kwakuyi-merry go round, yonke eyakhiwe "ngezigxobo ze-Doric" (le ndawo yokuzijabulisa yathathelwa indawo yi-merry go round ngo-1912).I-merry go round yaduma kangangokuthi uMbukiso Womhlaba owawuseNew York ngo-1939 waba yimpumelelo enkulu.
1898: Ipaki Lokuzijabulisa Lokusindisa Imiphefumulo
UJohn Dewey (isazi sefilosofi esidumile saseMelika, uthisha nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo) wathi: Ukudlala kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni njengomsebenzi.Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Outdoor Recreation League zinethemba lokuthi izingane ezisezindaweni ezimpofu nazo zingangena enkundleni yokudlala.Baye banikela ngamaslayidi namasaha ezindaweni ezimpofu, futhi baze bathumela ochwepheshe ukuba baqondise izingane indlela yokusebenzisa imishini yokuzijabulisa ngokuphepha.Vumela izingane ezimpofu zijabulele ubumnandi bokudlala, futhi uzisize zikhule futhi zithuthuke ngokunempilo.
1903: Uhulumeni wakha ipaki yokuzijabulisa
Idolobha laseNew York lakha ipaki lokuqala lokuzijabulisa likamasipala - Ipaki Yokuzijabulisa yaseSeward Park, efakwe umgodi wamaslayidi nomgodi wesihlabathi nezinye izinto zokuzijabulisa.
1907: Ipaki Yokuzijabulisa Ihamba Kuzwelonke (USA)
Enkulumeni yakhe, uMongameli Theodore Roosevelt ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwezinkundla zokudlala zezingane:
Imigwaqo edolobheni ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezingane.Ngenxa yokuvuleka kwemigwaqo, imidlalo eminingi yobumnandi izophula imithetho nemithethonqubo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobo elishisayo nezindawo zasemadolobheni ezimatasa ngokuvamile ziyizindawo lapho abantu bengafunda khona ukwenza ubugebengu.Igceke elingemuva lomndeni ikakhulukazi i-turf yokuhlobisa, engahlangabezana nezidingo zezingane ezincane kuphela.Izingane ezindadlana zifuna ukudlala imidlalo ethokozisayo nejabulisayo, futhi le midlalo idinga izindawo ezithile - amapaki okuzijabulisa.Ngenxa yokuthi imidlalo ibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni njengesikole, kufanele izinkundla zokudlala zidume njengezikole, ukuze yonke ingane ithole ithuba lokudlala kuzo.
1912: Ukuqala kwenkinga yokuphepha enkundleni yokudlala
INew York kwaba idolobha lokuqala ukubeka phambili ukwakhiwa kwamapaki okuzijabulisa futhi lilawule ukusebenza kwamapaki okuzijabulisa.Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunamapaki okuzijabulisa angaba ngu-40 eNew York City, ikakhulukazi eManhattan naseBrooklyn (iManhattan yayinezindawo ezingaba ngu-30).Lawa mapaki okuzijabulisa afakwe amaslayidi, ama-seesaw, ama-swing, izitendi ze-basketball, njll., ezingadlalwa abantu abadala nezingane.Ngaleso sikhathi, yayingekho incwadi yeziqondiso ngokuphepha kwepaki lokuzijabulisa.
McDonald's ngawo-1960s: ipaki yokuzijabulisa yezohwebo
Ngawo-1960, inkundla yokudlala yezingane yaba iphrojekthi yokutshala imali ethandwa kakhulu.Inkundla yokudlala ayikwazi ukwenza imali kuphela, kodwa futhi ishayela izimboni ezizungezile.Abantu abaningi baphinde basole iMcDonald's ngoba ivule amapaki amaningi okuzijabulisa ezindaweni zayo zokudlela (cishe 8000 kusukela ngo-2012), okungenza izingane zibe imilutha yazo.
1965: Ukushabalala kwenkundla yokudlala
Elinye ipaki lokuzijabulisa elinomklamo oyingqayizivele lashaywa - I-New York City yenqabile i-Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park eklanywe u-Isamu Noguchi noLouis Kahn.
I-Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park eRiverside Park, eNew York City, nayo iyisiqephu sokugcina somsebenzi enkundleni yokudlala eklanywe nguNoguchi, eyaqedwa ngokuhlanganyela noLouis Kahn.Ukubukeka kwayo kuye kwavusa abantu ukuba bacabange kabusha ngesimo senkundla yokudlala.Idizayini yayo ifanele izingane zabo bonke ubudala, futhi igcwele umkhathi wobuciko: inhle futhi ikhululekile, kodwa ngeshwa ayizange ibonakale.
1980: 1980s: amacala omphakathi kanye nokuqondisa kukahulumeni
Ngawo-1980, ngenxa yokuthi abazali nezingane babevame ukuba nezingozi enkundleni yokudlala, amacala aqhubeka.Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ekhulayo ebucayi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kumele kuhambisane ne-Public Amusement Park Safety Manual (ushicilelo lokuqala lwemanuwali eyakhishwa ngo-1981) eyakhiwe yiKhomishini Yokuvikela Ukuphepha Kwabathengi.Ingxenye ethi "Isingeniso" semanuwali ifundeka kanje:
"Ingabe inkundla yakho yokudlala iphephile? Njalo ngonyaka, zingaphezu kuka-200000 izingane ezingena e-ICU ngenxa yezingozi endaweni yokudlala. Iningi lazo libangelwa ukuwa endaweni ephakeme. Ukusebenzisa leli bhukwana kungakusiza uhlole ukuthi umklamo wenkundla yokudlala kanye izinto zegeyimu zinezingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha“
Le manuwali inemininingwane eminingi, njengokukhethwa kwendawo yepaki yokuzijabulisa, izinto zokwakha, izakhiwo, imininingwane, njll. zezinto ezisetshenziswa epaki lokuzijabulisa.Lena imanuwali yokuqala ebalulekile yokuqondisa ukwakheka kwamapaki okuzijabulisa.
Ngo-2000, ezine zithi: California, Michigan, New Jersey kanye ne-Texas baphasisa umthetho "we-Amusement Park Design", ohlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amapaki okuzijabulisa aphephe kakhudlwana.
2005: "Akukho Ukugijima" Ipaki Yokuzijabulisa
Izikole eziseBroward County, eFlorida, zifake izimpawu ezithi "No Running" epaki lokuzijabulisa, okudale ukuthi abantu bacabange ukuthi ipaki yokuzijabulisa "iphephe kakhulu yini".
2011: "I-Flash Playground"
E-New York, ipaki yokuzijabulisa ibuyela endaweni yokuqala.Ngaphambili, izingane zazidlala emigwaqweni.Uhulumeni weDolobha laseNew York ubone uhlobo olufanayo "nesitolo se-flash" esidumile futhi wavula "inkundla yokudlala" emiphakathini enganakiwe: lapho kufaneleka, vala ingxenye yomgwaqo njengendawo yokuzijabulisa, ubambe imidlalo ethile, futhi uhlele okuthile. abaqeqeshi noma abasubathi ukuze bahlanganyele nomphakathi.
I-New York yaneliseke kakhulu ngomphumela walesi silinganiso, ngakho-ke bavula "izinkundla zemidlalo ze-flash" ezingu-12 ehlobo lika-2011, futhi baqasha ochwepheshe abathile ukuze bafundise izakhamuzi ukuzijwayeza i-yoga, i-rugby, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-22-2022